7 Cs of Communication
1- Completeness:
It is the most important point whether you are going to communicate in written or spoken, your message should be complete in the sense that all the necessary details are provided and there is no ambiguity in the message you want to convey. No important point should be missed.
2- Conciseness:
Conciseness as from the name is obvious means to use least possible words but in full complete message. You should communicate the matter to the point only. It is time-saving as well as cost-saving. It shows that the main message is short and essential one because you use limited words in comprehensive manner which are also non-repetitive in nature.
3- Consideration:
Consideration means to communicate from the audience point of view and use the statements according to the discussion background. It depends upon the mind-set and education level of audience. Remember their self-respect should not be degraded in any way. Take care that their emotions are not at harm. Modify your words in message to suit the audience’s needs or it can be said that “You” approach is given priority under this head. Give your opinion but discuss in such a way that exhibits interest of all others. Show optimism e.g. “what is possible” rather than “what is impossible”. Use positive words such as jovial (joyful) committed, thanks, warm, healthy, help, etc.
4- Clarity:
Clarity means to use clear words that are easier with respect to the understanding of people whom you are talking to. It enhances the meaning of message. Try to convey appropriate and clear words, not ambiguous that can mislead other.
5- Concreteness:
It is 5th C of communication which means to be particular and explicit (clear) rather than fuzzy and general. Concreteness strengthens the confidence. You are required to use certain facts and figures and add images while writing. It plays a vital role in building your nice reputation otherwise your message may be misinterpreted. Don’t use abstract words. Your approach should be Denotative rather than Connotative.
6- Courtesy:
It means that try to convey your message sincerely in a polite, judicious, reflective and enthusiastic way. It also demands that your statement is positive and focused at the targeted audience but it doesn’t mean that there is some kind of favoritism involved, it should not be biased.
7- Correctness:
This is the last C of communication and very simple and obvious i.e. there should be no grammatical errors in sentences you make. Your message must be exact, correct and well-timed. It will boost up your confidence level and has a greater impact upon participants of the discussion.
Awareness of these 7 C’s of communication makes you an effective communicator
STEP 2
Vocabulary Substitutes
1- Give it some thought
2-Consider it for a while
3- Make up your mind
4- Please give it your consideration
2- Postpone It:
1- Can we wait on that?
2- Can I have a rein check on that?
3- Get back to you later
4- Put it off to some other time
3- Just Wait:
1- Hold your horses
2- Hang on
3- Hold a moment
4- Wait up!
4- How Are You?
1- How’re you doing?
2- How have you been?
3- How do you do?
4- Are you all right?
5- What Are You Thinking About?
1- What’s on your mind?
2- You seem a little pre-occupied.
3- Is something bothering you?
4- You seem to be in good spirits.
6- I’m Sorry:
1- I beg your pardon
2- I apologize
3- Please forgive/excuse me
4- I really regret
7- Please Repeat:
1- What did u say?
2- I’m not getting your point.
3- Could you please say it again?
4- Would you mind repeating that?
8- I Don’t Care:
1- I’m indifferent.
2- What does it matter?
3- Who gives a damn?
4- So what?
9- Not Interested:
1- I’m not willing to do that.
2- I wanna give it up.
3- I’m fed up and want to quit.
4- I’m sick of.
10- Let’s Start:
1- Get going
2- Let’s get cracking
3- Move on this right away.
4- Get on this immediately.
11- You’re Answerable:
1- You are liable.
2- You will be held accountable.
3- It is responsibility on your part.
4- You must be duty bound.
12- Be Silent:
1- Keep quiet
2- Please hush up
3- Don’t make a noise
4- Repose quietly
13- I’m Worried:
1- I’m anxious
2- It makes me thoughtful
3- I’m under stress
4- It is quite sorrowful
STEP 3
Speaking Skills
We use many helping verbs daily while speaking English but notice over here a main thing that in the beginning process of Learning Spoken, try to use short form of Helping Verbs. Below is the list of all important helping verbs with pronunciation and examples. You can listen to these words by some audio feature of online dictionary.
Main helping verbs are:
Is, are, am, was, were, will, shall, can, may, has, have, had, should, would, ought, might, be, been, could etc
Pronounce all these words with the noun or pronoun in joining. Those which will have different pronunciation are explained and rests of Helping Verbs have same pronunciation and they are not shortened while speaking.
1- Use of “Is, Has”:
Examples:
She is a student———-? She’s a student.
He is busy———-? He’s busy.
Ali’s going to Lahore etc.
He has completed the task ———? He’s completed the task.
2- Use of “Are”:
Examples:
They are running————? They’re running.
We are fine———-? We’re fine.
You are having gossips here——–? You’re having gossips here.
3- Use of “Am”:
Examples:
I am very glad today———–? I’m very glad today. (Its pronunciation is as English alphabet “m”)
I am speaking in English———? I’m speaking in English.
4- Use of “Will, Shall”:
Examples:
They will come to us————–? They’ll come to us.
I will be there at 9 pm——–? I’ll be there at 9 pm.
5- Use of “Have”:
Examples:
I have done my work———? I’ve done my work.
They have won———-? They’ve won.
6- Use of “Had, Would”:
Examples:
At 9 o’ clock, we had reached Islamabad ———-? At 9 o’ clock, we’d reached Islamabad.
I would like to tell you the story ———? I’d like to tell you the story.
Negation of Shortened Helping Verb can be explained in the following table:
Negative Helping Verbs Short Form Example
Is not Isn’t She isn’t at home.
Am not, Are not Ain’t They ain’t coming today.
Shall not Shan’t We shan’t attend the class.
Can not Can’t I can’t understand.
Has not Hasn’t He hasn’t done his work.
Have not Haven’t I haven’t gone to party.
Had not Hadn’t They hadn’t won that match.
Could not Couldn’t I couldn’t go.
Would not Won’t I won’t like to come.
Do not Don’t I don’t care
Does not Doesn’t She doesn’t tell a lie.
Did not Didn’t (Pronounce as Dint) They didn’t understand.
STEP 4
Kinds of Tenses
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Tense actually shows the time situation or some event
happening.
Kinds of Tenses:Time can be divided into three periods: 1- Present 2- Past 3- Future Next are the time sections: 1- Indefinite 2- Continuous 3- Perfect 4- Perfect Continuous Every tense can be different from the other on the basis of three things: 1- Change in Verb 2- Helping Verb 3- Sign in Urdu For easy and quick learning, observe the following table (A single example has been given to express in all the tenses) and some rules are described below. But remember, Practice makes the man perfect, so go on making practice by different exercises. 1- Change in Verb: It means form of verb we use will be different in every sentence. 2- Helping Verb: It can be used in positive sentences as well as in negative and interrogative ones. 3- Sign in Urdu: It means what comes at the end of Urdu Sentence. As we are Pakistani and our National Language is Urdu, so it is necessary to have know-how of sign in Urdu so that we may be able to translate from English to Urdu and From Urdu to English when we need. |
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Some Rules to Memorize Tenses: 1- The order of
parts used in Sentence-Structure will be same.
2- You should learn forms of verb on your finger-tips. 3- “ing” is always used with 1st form of verb. 4- In Simple Positive Sentence of Present Indefinite Tense, don’t use helping verb. It is a common mistake committed by most of the people and leaves a bad impression upon the audience e.g. “I go to the park” is correct but I am go to the park is incorrect. 5- 2nd form of verb is only used in Past Indefinite Tense. 6- 2nd form can never be used with “ing”. 7- 3rd form is used in three cases: a) In Perfect Tenses with Helping Verb e.g. I have done my work. b) In Passive Voice with Helping Verb. (will be explained later) e.g. Apples are eaten by me. c) As a Past Participle (Means as a Subject or Adjective) e.g. I am interested in learning English, Tired people do not perform well. |
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STEP 5
Kinds of Sentence
Followings are the basic kinds of a sentence. These are eight:
1- Simple/Positive
2- Negative
3- Interrogative
4- Imperative
5- Exclamatory
6- Conditional
7- Optative
8- Assertive
1- Simple/Positive Sentence:
It is a simple sentence and follows a basic sentence-structure)
Examples:
I go to school.
They play game.
2- Negative Sentence:
Negative sentence is the one in which there’s some kind of negation (We use “Not” for that)
Examples:
I do not go to school.
He does not like this game.
3- Interrogative Sentence:
Interrogative sentence consists of some question. There are three signs of an Interrogative Sentence i.e.
1- In the start of a sentence, Question Word is used e.g. Who, What, When, Where, Why etc
Who are you?
When will he come?
2- In the start of a sentence, some Helping Verb (Which helps the main verb e.g. is, are, am, was, were, will, shall, has, have, had, can, may, should, would, ought, might, be, been, could, do, did) is used e.g. Do you go to school?
3- Question Mark must be used at the end of Interrogative Sentence that is “?”
4- Imperative sentence:
There can be some request, order, advice or prohibition (To forbid) in this sentence. There is no Subject in this sentence.
Examples:
Go to your room.
Please sit down.
Work hard.
Don’t make a noise.
5- Optative Sentence:
There can be some wish or prayer in this sentence.
Examples:
May you live long!
Have a nice day!
6- Exclamatory Sentence:
There can be some exclamation of joy, sorrow, fear, wonder, anger etc.
Exclamation Mark is must to use at the end of this sentence.
Examples:
Alas! My brother has died.
Wow! How charming this scene is!”
Aha! The weather is fine.
Pooh! There is so smell.
Ouch! I have pain in foot.
7- Conditional Sentence:
There is some kind of condition in this sentence.
If you go to Lahore, say my salam to all.
Unless you work hard, you will not succeed.
Had I made a promise, I would have kept it.
8- Assertive Sentence:
Simple sentence followed by “That” to get joined with the other sentence.
(It can be any simple sentence of Indirect Speech)
Example:
He said that he was ill.
Now we will move on to the Tenses so that you might be able to form sentences on your own.
SETP 6
Role of Vocabulary
How to Improve Vocabulary:
Followings are some ways to improve your vocabulary in an easy and enjoyable way:
1- Download Dictionary, Listen News etc:
As told earlier, u can download some dictionary and learn vocabulary words, listen to the English News, some audio, read English newspaper etc.
2- Pass Some Vocabulary Test Online:
There are many websites which give you a chance to check your vocabulary by passing their MCQs test e.g. www.odesk.com. Once you get good points in test, you can get good job there. This is very handy if you make it your habit to pass one test daily.
3- “Scrabble” Game to Improve Vocabulary:
There are many games which can assist you in improving your vocabulary for example “Scrabble” is very interesting game in which you have to make words in English from every side i.e. right, left, up, down but not diagonally and you get points against every word you make. Not only you can learn a lot through it but also you enjoy playing it. Especially kids should be given a chance to play this game. It is very helpful in their self learning.
4- Word to Word Game:
Same as “Word to Word” is a game which starts from a word, then the other person tells a word from the letter on which the first person letter ends and then it goes on from player to player. Hence, you build your vocabulary rapidly in an interesting and effective manner.
5- Jumbled Spellings Game:
There is another concerning game called “Jumbled Spellings”. You type some vocabulary word (May be some country, city, vegetable, fruit name etc) and the other player has to re-order this word and guess what exactly the word is.
6- One Word Substitutes:
The suggestion to improve vocabulary is to learn One Word Substitutes. You can find a list of them in some course book. Daily think of a word and its five substitutes at least for example “Happy” has substitutes as Joyous, Glad, Pleased, Festive, Gay, Merry, Jolly etc.
Here we provide you substitutes of some simple sentences with good vocabulary, you have to use in your day to day life including salutations and compliments.
1- Don’t Disturb Me:
1- Please don’t interrupt
2- Stop bothering me
3- Don’t be such a nuisance
4- Don’t pester me
2- Be Patient:
1- Calm down
2- Don’t get in an uproar
3- Hold on
4- Don’t sweat it
3- Hurry Up:
1- Can you please rush this?
2- Would you mind working a little faster?
3- Be quick about it
4- Let’s get moving
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